ABSTRACT
Background: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is one of the deadliest diseases that modern medicine has ever had to tackle. Understanding the knowledge about HIV/AIDS in general populations will help in formulating strategy for prevention and treatment. With this background, this study was conducted to assess the knowledge and awareness about HIV/AIDS among general population.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at C.C.M. Medical College and Hospital, Durg during December 2018 to January 2019. The data was collected from 450 patients attending the medicine outpatient department. Study subjects were selected using convenient sampling technique. Patients giving consent and willing to participate were included in the study. The data was collected in predesigned and pretested questionnaire.Results: 77.11% study participants were aware that unprotected sex can lead to transmission of HIV, 73.78% knew that shaking hands will not transmit the disease. 79.8% knew that use of condom can prevent transmission of HIV/AIDS. Overall males had better knowledge than females. 76.85% said they would behave friendly with people having HIV/AIDS and 69.78% were willing to take care of relatives with HIV.Conclusions: This study indicates that majority participants have good knowledge about difference between HIV and AIDS, modes of transmission and prevention though they were not completely aware of it. The proportion of those with lack of correct knowledge though comparatively less, needs to be taken as a challenge and addressed through well planned health educational activities at various platforms including teaching hospital premises.
ABSTRACT
Background: The DCT is lined with simple cuboidal cells that are shorter than those of the proximal convolutedtubule (PCT). The lumen appears larger in DCT, the histological changes DCT in kidney after death have beenstudied in various land animals and sea marine animals but yet very few studies with same view which mayprovide keen and fruitful results for human distal convoluted tubule in kidney have been done. It will be helpfulfor estimation of time after death.Aim: To determine the time since death by histological changes in Distal convoluted tubule.Materials and Methods: 50 Human kidneys samples at different time intervals between 4hrs to 52.30 hr,temperature between17.3/22.3-31.3/450C, humidity between 11/36 to 75/95, were of different age and sex obtainedas and when available from cadavers with a known time of death where death had resulted from natural death,suffocation and trauma, dead individual health and not suffering from disease affecting kidney.Result: Increase the rate of postmortem histological changes in DCT was found to be increased with rise in thetemperature and duration. In Distal convoluted tubules lumens were found swelling of epithelial cells. Retractionof epithelium from the basement membrane and its disruption with individualization of cells, nuclear pyknosis,karyolysis and loss of tubular architecture with debris in the lumen were observed.Conclusion: In this current research, sequence of postmortem histological changes in DCT was studied. Thesecriteria’s presented in this study could be used to determine the time after death
ABSTRACT
Background: Poor outcomes of cataract surgery are a major problem in developing countries, including India which affects the demand and uptake of cataract surgical services. The present study was aimed to assess the visual outcomes after cataract surgery and identify factors associated with it, among persons aged 50 year and above in urban slums of Raipur.Methods: A community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in15 randomly selected clusters (urban slums) of Raipur from June 2012 to March 2013. Interviews, Visual Acuity measurements and ocular examinations were performed on all persons aged 50 year and above through house to house visits. Details about surgical intervention i.e. date, setting, type of cataract surgery were obtained from cataract operated persons, for each eye that had cataract surgery. Collected data were analyzed by using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The chi- square test was used to determine the associations of different cataract related parameters with visual outcomes in cataract operated eyes.Results: Of the 870 participants, 203 persons (329 eyes) had undergone cataract surgery. Among all operated eyes, visual outcome was good (VA ?6/18) in 84.5%, borderline (VA <6/18 and ?6/60) in 12.5%, and poor (VA <6/60) in 3% of eyes with available correction. Visual outcome of cataract surgery was significantly associated with age at time of surgery, literacy, type of surgery, place of surgery and time since surgery.Conclusions: The visual outcomes of cataract surgery were excellent in study area; it can be further improved by appropriate refractive correction, provision of glasses and adequate follow up after cataract surgery.
ABSTRACT
Lifestyle diseases characterized by those diseases whose occurrence is primarily based on the daily habits of people and are a result of an inappropriate relationship of people with their environment. The main factors contributing to lifestyle diseases include bad food habits, physical inactivity, wrong body posture, and disturbed biological clock. Lifestyle diseases are the most common causes of disability, morbidity and premature mortality. They account for 52% of deaths, 43% Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) and 62% of total disease burden in India. Life style disease can be prevented through focused and comprehensive public health intervention by establishment of Healthy Life Style Centre (HLSC). HLSC will be a comprehensive approach which will provide health services for Non-Communicable diseases under the one roof. The HLSC will offer consultation, learning, counselling and testing facilities regarding Diabetes and other Non-Communicable diseases (NCD). Life style diseases can be prevented through public health intervention by special task force and policy document related to life style disorders.